What renal pathology may result from hyperparathyroidism?

Nephrolithiasis, also known as kidney stones, is a renal pathology that can result from hyperparathyroidism due to the elevated levels of calcium in the blood and urine. Hyperparathyroidism causes an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH), which leads to enhanced calcium reabsorption in the kidneys and increased calcium release from bones. This can result in hypercalcemia, where there is excessive calcium in the bloodstream.

The excess calcium may precipitate in the kidneys, forming stones or lithiasis. The process of calcium stone formation is facilitated by factors such as hypercalciuria (increased calcium in the urine), which is often seen in patients with hyperparathyroidism. Nephrolithiasis can lead to significant clinical symptoms, including pain, hematuria, and potential obstruction of urinary flow, depending on the size and location of the stone.

Understanding the connection between hyperparathyroidism and nephrolithiasis emphasizes the importance of monitoring calcium levels in patients diagnosed with this condition, as well as considering preventive measures or treatments for preventing stone formation in these individuals.